Personal management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Individual administration - Essay Example What's more, the report likewise recognizes a few highlights identified with culture and standards that should be taken into account too. Vitamond is an assembling worry that produces non mixed beverages so as to advance a sound way of life among individuals. This association has developed significantly dependent on the reason on which they sell their beverages. As of right now, Vitamond has a mystery equation dependent on which it produces seasoned beverages which are solid and delectable. These beverages are then sent out to different European nations and in the North America. In light of the colossal achievement of the association, the administration has chosen to fan out into another nation and begin delivering these beverages in another comparative nation. The decisions that the administration has incorporate France and Germany of which Germany has been picked as the nation wherein another assembling set up will be built up. The open door in Germany is to such an extent that another assembling plant will be built up there alongside a chance of a distribution center. Notwithstanding that, on the operational level, around 200 and fifty individuals will be utilized, who will be a piece of organization, the executives and creation in this set up. A neighborhood auxiliary set up has been done to screen and direct the assembling plant in Germany. Also that, an ostracize from United Kingdom has been sent to Germany to head the specialty unit that has been set up in the nation. Besides, another ostracize will likewise be sent who will go about as the quality confirmation administrator for the assembling plant. This paper intends to characterize the different human asset rehearses that would be required so as to help deal with the faculty inside the association in Germany. What's more, the paper likewise plans to distinguish the different practices that are a piece of Germany and how they need

Duramold - Fairchild - Howard Hughes and the Spruce Goose

Duramold - Fairchild - Howard Hughes and the Spruce Goose In the late 1930s, airplane of composite materials started to seem made of plastic-impregnated wood materials called duramold. The most renowned and biggest airplane of duramold development was the eight-motor Howard Hughes flying pontoon named the Spruce Goose. Sherman Mills Fairchild As indicated by the Fairchild Corporation, In the mid-1930s, Fairchild spearheaded the use of composite structures to airframe plan and creation - duramold. The glue holding procedures and strategies are still followed in the production of composite structures today. Fairchild additionally built up the initial nine-focal point mapping camera for the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1936. Duramold Aircraft Tidy Goose The Spruce Goose was not the principal plane to utilize duramold material. Numerous little planes had been fabricated utilizing duramold during the mid thirties by the Fairchild Aviation. The Spruce Goose was initially brought about by Henry J. Kaiser, a steel producer and manufacturer of Liberty ships. The airplane was planned, built, and designed by Howard Hughes and his staff. The Spruce Gooses outside was made with material utilizing the duramold procedure of covering compressed wood and it was the biggest plane ever to fly. In 1947, Millionaire Howard Hughes turned into the main individual to direct the Spruce Goose. Tidy Goose Howard Hughes Becomes The First Person To Fly The Spruce Goose In 1905, Howard Hughes was conceived in Houston, Texas. Hughes acquired the patent rights to an oil device drill made by the Hughes Tool Company. A tycoon, Howard Hughes both acquired and brought in his own cash. A brave soul, he framed the Hughes Aircraft Corporation and wanted to guide planes and break flight records. In the wake of flying across America, Howard Hughes went to film making and framed his own movie studio.

TOEFL Essay Evaluation and Scoring (2019)

TOEFL Essay Evaluation and Scoring (2019) TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringWriting Should be the Easiest Part of the TOEFL. ButMany students struggle with their TOEFL essays. They take the test again and again because a bad writing score drags down their overall result. This is horrible because the writing section should be the easiest part of the TOEFL for most students. The problem is that most students dont getsufficient feedbackwhen they practice writing before taking the test.Dont Worry. We Can Help.Sign up for our essay evaluation service and youll get:Line-by-line corrections of your practice essays provided by anative English speaker.Corrections of all of your grammar and vocabulary errors.Anestimate of how your essay would score on test day.Advice onhow to score highernext time.Completetemplatesfor both essay types that will show you proper structure.Complete feedback within48 hours.Note that we also offer speaking evaluations and proofreading services for university admissions documents and personal essays.Buy Now Using PayPal/Visa/Mastercard Number of EssaysOne Essay $19.00 USDTwo Essays $36.00 USDThree Essays $51.00 USDSix Essays $96.00 USDTwelve Essays $180.00 USDTwenty Essays $280.00 USD Heres How it WorksBuy an evaluation using the PayPal link above. Save moneyby purchasing multiple evaluations. Send your essays all at once or one at a time.Write your next practice essay (integratedorindependent). Use your own topic or ask us for practice questions.E-mail your completed essay (or share with Google Docs) to TOEFL Resources: essayevaluation@toeflresources.comI will send a response in 48 hours. If you dont see it, remember to check your spam folder.Note that I will be traveling from January 19 to 26, 2020. It will take five days to check essays sent during that period.Note for Korean Customers: New banking regulations in Korea make it impossible for you to use PayPal. Send me an email and Ill arrange an easy bank transfer.What will the Line by Line Corrections Look Like?Something like thi s. Click for a bigger version, or just download onedirectly. What is Everyone Saying About the Service?Writing:30/30, all thanks to Michael: Thank you so very much for all your assistance without which I couldnt have scored full marks in writing. Your constant essay improvement tips helped me immensely. Thank you, once again and I am definitely recommending this website to my friends. -Janani, IndiaI had my exam on Nov 16th. My TOEFL results are out today and scored 104.I got 28 in the writing section. I have taken this exam twice and have never scored this much. Michael sir helped me a lot. He corrected my essays and gave tips. They were really helpful. I followed your tips and used to follow them when I practiced and it helped me a lot.THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT AND GREAT HELP. I had surfed the Internet like hell to get help and for reviews. Im glad at last I found good help.REALLY THANKS A TON -Alekhya, RussiaFinally received my score.Its 29 in writing,28-speaking, 30-reading, 30 -listening. I just wanted you to know that the good score in writing is partly because of your help. The essays you reviewed and the suggestions you gave really helped me in paying attention to details in my essays, especially the grammatical mistakes. Wanted to thank you for your help. THANK YOU! -Parvez, PakistanI got 115 in total.R29, L28,S28, W30. Thank you so much for helping me with my writing and speaking! The rules you taught me about writing are especially useful! Thank you so much! -Crystal, JapanMy TOEFL results just came in. My overall score is 114 (R 29; L 29;S 29;W 27).Thank you for your help! I really appreciate it! I am happy you were advising me.I never expected to get such high result, but the materials on your website on Speaking and Writing sections helped me a lot. -Anastasia, Ukraine.Let take this as an opportunity to thank you for all the work you do and the resources you put out there! You are THE BEST when it comes to TOEFL preparation. It is amazing how exh austive your research of the exam is. So please know that your work is appreciated. The thoroughness with which you dissect TOEFL makes a world of a difference. It is extremely hard to go from a very good score of 114, for example, to a nearly perfect score of, say, 119. But your advice makes it possible. I hope you realize how life-changing this can be. Those five points can get you into one of the most selective schools in the world or help you receive a scholarship that may be the reason youre able to go to college in the first place. I am speaking from experience. I was in the 99% when it came to TOEFL scores and it opened up a lot of doors for me.-Maria

Wildes Use of Binary Opposites Is the Key Comedic Element...

Wilde’s use of binary oppositions is the key comedic element in the Importance of Being Earnest. To what extent do you agree with this view? Throughout the play, Oscar Wilde portrays several binary opposites using the characters and themes of the play, such as the town and country, class, age, gender and morals. However I don’t think that the binary opposites are the main source of comedy in the play. The reason I find it comical is from the fact that the play is a comedy of manners as well as Wilde’s satirising of the Victorian morals. Wilde’s depiction of Victorian caricatures also creates amusement for the audience. In the play, trivial things are regarded so seriously and the serious things in life are treated with sincere and studied†¦show more content†¦The lower classes in Earnest are less pretentious and more humble in comparison to the upper class. A major contrast in class is shown through Gwendolen and Cecily when they sit down for tea. After some heated words, they believe the other is trying to steal their love and they show some hostility towards each other. This exchange takes place in Act II. (308-314) â€Å"Cecily: May I offer you some tea, Miss Fairfax? Gwendolen: (With elaborate politeness) Thank you. (Aside) Detestable girl! But I require tea! Cecily: (Sweetly) Sugar? Gwendolen: (Superciliously) No, thank you. Sugar is not fashionable any more. (Cecily looks angrily at her, takes up the tongs and puts four lumps of sugar into the cup.) Cecily: (Severely) Cake or bread and butter? Gwendolen: (In a bored manner) Bread and butter, please. Cake is rarely seen at the best houses nowadays. Cecily: (Cuts a very large slice of cake, and puts it on the tray.) Hand that to Miss Fairfax.† Cecily takes advantage of Gwendolen’s obsession with fashion and appearance to others. To Gwendolen, these choices are important statements on one’s stylishness and reputation amongst peers and to people in society. Here, Cecily takes advantage of her lower birth to insult Gwendolen. Gwendolen is of a high social class and a luxurious upbringing compared to Cecily who lives in the country with Jack as her guardian and under the care of Miss Prism. When

Internet And Its Impact On Society Essay - 1388 Words

Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Definition of the internet 3 1.3 History of the internet 3 1.4 Internet use 3 1.4.1 Internet use world-wide 3 1.4.2 Internet use in Kenya 3 1.5 Impact of the internet 3 1.6 Conclusion 4 1.1 Introduction In order to achieve political, economic and personal advancement, the internet has played a major role in it. The internet, according to Wikipedia, has many uses that include data sharing, e-commerce, booking of tickets, socializing, job searching, entertainment and also in e-learning. With advancements in technology, the number of users of the internet are increasing daily. With internet speed increasing over time, the Internet brings knowledge and information on nearly every subject imaginable straight to your computer. This has made our lives easier and more efficient. Though the internet has many advantages, it has brought a lot of negative impact to our society. 1.2 Definition of the internet The word Internet comes from the words â€Å"Interconnection of Networks† (Greenfield, 1999). According to One book projects, the Internet is a worldwide interconnection of computer networks that transmit information from one place to another using the standard Internet Protocol. It is also knwn as the Net. In order to understand how the internet has an impact to our day to day lives, one needs to understand its history. 1.3 History of the internet According to Johnny Ryan (2010), the internet was first conceived in theShow MoreRelatedInternet Impact on Society1636 Words   |  7 PagesVillasenor Ms. DeHart English III Honors May 20, 2008 Internet Impact on Society The internet has influenced, and is still influencing the way society communicates in many different ways. The rise of the internet has caused people to communicate differently in areas never dreamed of before the internet came into existence. Education has been revolutionized through the world of the â€Å"Information Super Highway†. Medicine has also seen reform as the internet improves research and communication. IndividualsRead MoreThe Internet And Its Impact On Society1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Internet plays a huge role in today’s society. Everything in today’s world revolves around the Internet. Individuals use it to pay bills, access social media, email, etc. Most individuals do not know that they would not be able to access any of these privileges if they did not exist. A web server is a client/server process. It uses a specific software to fulfill a client’s web page request by finding, selecting, and forming the web page to be transmitted to the client’s device. This would beRead More The Impact of the Internet on Society Essays676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of the Internet on Society The internet is a big impact on our society today. It has been around for quite some time. In fact, in 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency initiated a research to develop communication protocols that would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. In 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation initiated the development of the NSFNET which provides a major backbone communication serviceRead MoreThe Impact of Internet on Our Society1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Internet on Our Society Wong Yiu Cheung The emergence of the Internet allows people in all over the world to share the information by connecting computers together. Its development has reached to carry the large numbers of data that we have not imagined before. It also brings impact on the real life by creating brand new tools, platforms, and attempts to satisfy people’s wants only when they are holding a device that can access to the Internet. The impacts are both positive andRead MoreThe Internet And Its Impact On Our Society Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to achieve political, economic and personal advancement, the internet has played a major role in it. The internet, according to Wikipedia, has many uses that include data sharing, e-commerce, booking of tickets, socializing, job searching, entertainment and also in e-learning. With advancements in technology, the number of users of the internet are increasing daily. With internet speed increasing over time, the Internet brings knowledge and informat ion on nearly every subject imaginable straightRead More The Impact of the Internet on Society Essay636 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of the Internet on Society Drastic changes in society have occurred since the invention and implementation of the Internet. It has changed the way we communicate, the way we learn, and the way we trade. Communication trends have formed in the past few years that no one would have predicted. The nature of informational resources has also shifted because of the Internet. Many businesses are now going on-line to offer services never before offered, changing how the economy works. TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Our Society1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe onset of the internet has caused a great impact on the society. Many social changes have occurred as a result of the vast availability of information brought about by technological advancement. For instance, one cannot sit still for even one hour reading a book before being distracted by the familiar screen of a smart phone. How we think and communicate has changed considerably from the onset of the internet which has been further increased by the arrival of social media platforms. Effects causedRead More The Impact of the Internet on Society Essay5976 Words   |  24 PagesThe Impact of the Internet on Society The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in peoples homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of DefensesRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Internet On Society1428 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumer driven society where we constantly want the latest product. Because of this huge demands for product production can go into overhaul this in turn is making the product cheaper. In a capitalist society it is all about supply and demand and as the supply increases the product becomes cheaper. Shapcott write in 1995 (Reference) that, The Internet isn t free. It just has an economy that makes no sense to capitalism. This essay will outline and explore the eff ect the modern internet is having onRead MoreThe Impact Of The Internet On Human Society1128 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years the internet has been advancing the way human society works on a day to day basis. It has created a revolution into the future that no one saw coming. Unless of course, you’re name was Steve Jobs. He knew what technology would do to the human society, but I don’t think he saw some of the problems that came along with technology. Humans have always been improving technology but the internet has been improving at an increasingly rapid pace. Along with the internet improving at a rapid

Arranged Marriage Right or Wrong Free Essays

Arranged Marriages: Wrong or Right? There is a wide spread global dispute about the topic of arranged marriages, many arguing that it is wrong, forced, and inhuman, while others defend them stating that they are socially and traditionally correct with their societies. Both sides fight frivolously and are on complete opposite sides of the argument, but what are the facts? Are arranged marriages right or wrong? Arranged marriages are believed to have been practiced since the dawn of man’s existence, and they are still around even today, being practiced in many Middle Eastern and Asian countries (Professor’s House). An arranged marriage, as defined by Paul B. We will write a custom essay sample on Arranged Marriage: Right or Wrong or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mehndiratta from the Department of Neurology is, â€Å"one where parents choose marital partners for their children. † (Mehndiratta 2007). For the most part, in ancient times, arranged marriages were used to seal a pact between two families, or in larger terms, they were used to seal a pact between countries in which two royal members were betrothed (History of Arranged Marriages 2007). In countries where arranged marriage is practiced, it is as normal as freedom of marriage is to Americans. It is an age long tradition that happened for a variety of reasons—to bring two families together, to settle a dispute, to pay a debt, or simply just because the parents thought it was best (History of Arranged Marriages 2007)The two who are arranged to be married by their parents feel that they are honoring and respecting their parents by following through with their parents requests, and besides everyone else is doing it too so it’s not out of the ordinary. People who live in countries where arranged marriages are traditional don’t even know what the freedom of marriage is. And that’s not wrong, it is just the way that their society is. Typically when people hear about arranged marriages they think of two people being forced to married each other against their will, solely to benefit their parents—no love, just servitude—but that is not always the case. According to Sarosh Abrar, a Hindu writer, there are two types of arranged marriages—love-arranged marriages and pure-arranged marriages. The meanings of each type are easily understood. Love-arranged marriages occur when two eople love each other and their parents accept it and decide to wed them. It is basically like a normal western civilization marriage. Pure-arranged marriages are arranged entirely by the betrothed’s parents for whatever reason they feel fit, and they can be arranged at any time, from when they are adults, to when they are simply children and do not understand the concepts of marriage (Abrar, Sarosh). When many people hear of arranging a marriage w hen the two partners are still children, they think of â€Å"child brides,† and how horrible this is. They keep their minds narrow and only see the negative parts of arranged marriages. To a certain extent, these critics are truthful with what they say, but it does not mean that an entire civilization is full of forced marriages and child brides who later become servile slaves to their husbands. There is a large percentage of forced and unhealthy marriages. It is believed that between sixty and eighty percentage of marriages in Afghanistan are forced marriages, and there are also times, of course, then the two who are wedded are not happy or it is an unhealthy relationship. But that does not mean that every marriage in Afghanistan are forced marriages. It does not mean that just because the two who are wedded do not love each other at the time of the arrangement because they are so young won’t love each other. Yes, they may be too young, by American standards, but later as their families allow them to spend as much time as they want together and allow them to just grow together, then a strong romantic bond will most likely occur and their marriage will, I believe, be successful. In fact, divorce rates of arranged marriages in countries that support it, are dramatically lower than divorce rates of Americans, who get married because they love each other (Nita 2007) It is as Sarosh Abrar says, â€Å"First comes marriage, then comes love,† (Abrar, Sarosh) Not to say that arranged marriages are more efficient, or better, than non-arranged marriages, I just want to defend the fact that arranged marriages are simply part of their society. It is a century old tradition that is highly respected in the Asian and Middle Eastern societies. But, as Americans—we see everything that is dramatically different from ourselves, and we disapprove of it and try to change it. We try to â€Å"Americanize† everything around us. We want everyone to dress like us, talk like us, do the same things we do, follow the same traditions as we do—basically conform to our society. Our first target was our own country when we began assimilating the Native Americans, and now we are attempting to â€Å"Americanize† the globe. One day, the whole world may be â€Å"Americanized. † And is that a bad thing? America is, after all, the most powerful country in the world. Why wouldn’t everyone else want to be like us. Well, the problem is that once everything has been â€Å"Americanized,† there won’t be anymore variation in the world—there won’t be any diversity. Age-old and beautiful cultures will cease to exist, and everyone will soon conform to one general society. As Chinua Achebe professes in his brilliant book’s title–†Things Fall Apart. † Just like in his famous novel, the invaders, America in this case, saw people who were different than them, and they judged them as uncivilized savages. As a result, they imposed their society’s rules on them and destroyed the Umoufian’s traditions. Already, the arranged marriage culture has become victim of westernization as young Hindu, Muslim, and Asian, women rebel against their parents traditions as they yearn for independence, as they yearn for the American lifestyle (Tarabay 2008). Parents who only want the best for their children, and who only want to follow the traditions that they were raised upon, are now being faced with teenagers who scoff their traditions and tell them that they are wrong to arrange a marriage for them. And where did these rebellious teenagers get the idea that arranged marriages were wrong? From Americans of course. These teenagers of course respect their parents and want to follow obey their wishes, but as everything in America tells them that arranged marriages are wrong, they become as Jamie Tarabay states, â€Å"trapped between two cultures,† and begin to rebel against their parents wishes with their emotions in full control (Tarabay 2007). Of course if a man or woman feels that they do not want to marry someone, then they should not be forced too. Forced marriages are of course wrong, and should be looked down upon. But arranged marriages that are not necessarily forced, are not wrong. They are simply the traditional passage of marriage for certain societies. To many who practice this, it is actually right to them. Who are we to be telling them that there lifestyle is wrong. It is way off base to believe that Americans, and people in general, will stop judging each other and trying to change each other, but it would be amazing if that happened. It is understandable that within the homeland, Americans look down upon arranged marriages because it is not part of our society, but when we extend our judgment to countries where this is practiced and we tell them they are wrong, then we in fact are the wrong ones. If a man or woman feels that their parents know what is best for them and they want to trust them with arranging their marriage, then they should not be told that that is wrong. Similarly, if someone who is being involved in an arranged marriage does not want to actually marry the person they are to be wedded to, then they shouldn’t have to either. Basically, people should have the freedom of whether or not they want to arrange their marriage or if they want their parents to. They shouldn’t have to deal with the pressure of others’ judgment, which might ultimately change their mind. They shouldn’t be told arranged marriages are wrong because they aren’t. They’re just different then how people in America normally get married and that’s okay. In other countries, they probably look at our society and deem it as wrong as well. It’s just human nature to see diversity and think of it as wrong. If only it weren’t so. Unfortunately it is. Unfortunately America will continue to â€Å"Americanize† the world. Unfortunately, one day, the world will probably conform into one society that is accepted by the masses. And maybe one day, that too will change and be seen as uncivilized. Perhaps it is all just just a cycle. Humans have been going through it since the dawn of time—monarchy was socially correct at a time, now it isn’t,wearing lavish robes and dresses was at one time socially correct, now it isn’t. Maybe arranged marriages and non arranged marriages are just the same—maybe they are just cycles of life that are bound to change in time. Maybe. The world is truly an ever changing place. Resources Abrar, Sarosh. â€Å"First Comes Marriage, Then Comes Love† Aller-Stead Education. Accessed November 6, 2011 http://www. aller-stead. com/martin/pages/FirstComesMarriage. htm Achebe, Chinua 1958. â€Å"Things Fall Apart. † History of Arranged Marriage. 2007. â€Å"History of Arranged Marriage† Nov 21 2007. YGOY Accessed November 5 2011 http://marriage. ygoy. com/history-of-arranged-marriage/ Mehndiratta, B. Paul. 2007. â€Å"Arranged marriage, consanguinity and epilepsy. † Neurology Asia 2007. Accessed November 5, 2011 http://neurologyasia. rg/articles/20073_015. pdf Nita. 2007 â€Å"Divorce rates of the world† A Wide Angle View of India. April 4, 2007. Accessed November 4, 2011 http://nitawriter. wordpress. com/2007/04/04/divorce-rates-of-the-world/ Stritoff, Sheri and Bob. â€Å"Child Bride: The Problem of Early, Forced Marriage. † AboutMarriage. Accessed November 4, 2011http://mar riage. about. com/od/arrangedmarriages/a/childbride. htm Tarabay, Jamie. â€Å"Arranged Marriage: Trapped Between Two Cultures. † NPR. Accessed November 6, 2011 http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=95683604 How to cite Arranged Marriage: Right or Wrong, Papers

New Girl and the Social Penetration Theory Essay Example For Students

New Girl and the Social Penetration Theory Essay New Girl and the Social Penetration Theory In a new sitcom called New Girl, Jess, an offbeat young woman, decides to moves in with three men that she has never met before after experiencing a bad breakup. Even though she does not know the group of men, she takes the chance to get to know them better through an interview to discuss her interests in becoming the new room mate. In this famous series, Jess, the three men, and Jess model best friend Cece come together in an unusual fashion and transcend from awkward strangers to great friends. This transition that the group experiences is best understood through a concept known as the social penetration theory. The social penetration theory proposes that, as relationships develop, interpersonal communication moves from relatively shallow, non-intimate levels to deeper, more intimate ones. The theory was formulated by psychologists Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor to provide an understanding of the closeness between individuals. The social penetration theory states that this process occurs primarily through self-disclosure and closeness evelops if the participants proceed in a gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to intimate levels of exchange as a function of both immediate and forecast outcomes. Altman and Taylor believe that only through opening ones self and becoming vulnerable to another person can a close relationship develop. This process, like mentioned before, must occur in sequential phases in order to guarantee success in a relationship according to Altman and Taylor. The first phase of this theory is the orientation stage where small talk occurs which follows common social normalities . The second is the exploratory affective stage where one starts to reveal oneself and expresses personal attitudes about moderate topics without disclosing a great deal of personal information. Next is the affective stage in which private and personal matters start to arise and opinions are more openly expressed. Lastly is the stable stage where the relationship now reaches a plateau in which some of the deepest personal thoughts, beliefs, and values are shared and each can predict the emotional reactions of the other person. Along with these phases, there re other contributors to this theory such as depth and breadth; the degree of intimacy and the range of areas in an individuals life that an individual chooses to share, costs and rewards ratio; negative and positive aspects of a relationship, and depenetration; the slow deterioration ofa relationship. Through this theory, predictions can be made about a relationship based on its development through these levels of self disclosure. Based on a sort of cost-reward model, this theory argues that for a relationship to develop, both parties must self disclose. However, Its ogic is not necessarily logical in that Altman and Taylor explain this theory in a linear model, which is not always the case. Because people are constantly changing, it can be argued that what is considered to be self-disclosure often depends on the attitudes of a relational partner. This indicates that self-disclosure and close relationships do not necessarily develop over time in a parallel, incremental, and continuous fashion. Relationships are also intertwined within a network of other social relationships which affect communication patterns exhibited by the partners. I nereTore, otner people may Innuence tne alrectlon 0T a relatlonsnlp. New Glrl Is a primary example of a relationship moving from non intimate to intimate through disclosure as this theory suggests, but it does so in a non linear and unorthodox manner when compared to Altmans and Taylors model. In New Girl the series starts off with Jess and the three men in the orientation phase as they conduct an interview to see if Jess fits the criteria needed to become the new room mate. They begin the interview by asking her simple questions, such as what her occupation was and if she ad any pets, to determine whether or not Jess would be a suitable addition to the apartment. .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd , .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .postImageUrl , .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd , .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd:hover , .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd:visited , .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd:active { border:0!important; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd:active , .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0fb14c79516bbb8746a7997cabd28ddd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Person Who Influenced My Life EssayBefore the men are able to reach the next phase, the exploratory affective stage, Jess goes straight to the affective stage by explaining to the men that she had just gone through a traumatic breakup, which she still wasnt completely over and in order to cope with the emotions she watches and plans on continuing watching dirty dancing several times a day. This outburst left the men feeling apprehensive in her moving in as this new information not only shocked them, but also made them feel ncomfortable due to her abnormal behavior in disclosing such personal details within such a brief time frame. However, when Jess explains that she is tired of living with her best friend and model, Cece, the guys decide that the cost of living with Jess may not be too great a price if they can reap the benefits of her model friends. By doing so the relationship between Jess and the three men eventually reaches the stable stage as Jess shares her personal problems with the guys and they in turn get her to date again so she can move on. In this new formed relationship there is a balance of depth and breadth as they become open with one another in a broad variety of topics. Due to this close knit and open relationship, depenetration does not take place and their friendship continues to flourish. Although skipping stages and inclosing a great deal of information at once is highly discouraged and often times risky when forming a relationship, it can also prove to be beneficial and successful when having the right kind of leverage. Due to Jess ability to openly disclose her houghts and feelings without any hesitation, she and the men build a strong bond with one another that doesnt have much chance of depleting given their expressive relationship. For this reason The gang demonstrates this theory perfectly by showing that a relationship can flourish through the ability of self disclosure, but it does not necessarily have to follow a linear fashion to be a successful one. Given this information, it is clear that Jess and the men can maintain their correspondence and friendship as long as they remain open and willing to disclose with one another.

Ottoman Period Constitutional Movements Essays -

Ottoman Period Constitutional Movements Constitutional Movements During the Ottoman Period Constitutional movements during the Ottoman period commenced towards the end of the 18th century. During the period of the 1789-1808, Sultan Selim the Third envisaged the formation of an advisory assembly, called the Meclis-i Meshveret, within the context of the New System (called the Nizam-i Cedid) that he wanted to have set up, which is seen as a major step towards a constitutional government system. The Sened-i Ittifak, or Charter of Alliance, is seen as the first important document from the point of view of a constitutional order. Whilst the 1808 charter restricted the Sultan's exercise of power, it also delegated some authorities to a senate body, called the Ayan. The charter is a significant document as it was also recognized by the Sultan. The Tanzimat Reform era commenced with the issue of the decree entitled Gulhane Hatt-i Humayun in 1839. The subjects of the Ottoman Padishah were assured that their basic rights would be respected. The documents is especially significant for its recognition of equal rights in education and in government administration for those of Christian persuasion, exemplifying egalitarian principles. The 1875 document entitled the Ferman-i Adalet, or the Imperial Edict on Justice, provided for independence of the judicial courts and ensured the safety of judges. The most important step along the road to the rule of law was made with the introduction of the 1876 Kanun-i Esasiye, or Constitution, which also started the period known as the First Meshrutiyet, or First Constitutional Period. The basic concept in the 1876 constitution is that, although somewhat restrictive in the exercise of powers, it nevertheless, for the first time, recognized a parliamentary system. This constitution has provisions covering basic rights and privileges, the independence of courts and the safety of judges, among other aspects. After the 1876 Constitution had been in effect for one year, the Second Meshrutiyet period laid the foundations of a parliamentary system by adopting the 1876 Constitution with some amendments made thereto. The Constitutional System During the War of Independence When the Turkish Grand National Assembly congregated on April 23, 1920, this in itself marked a unique and important change in the exercise of sovereignty. During the Ottoman reign, the workings of Parliament were to an extent, the use by delegation of the powers of the ruler in the legislative process. Whereas, in the case of the workings of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, all authority was vested in Parliament itself. The Constitution of January 20, 1921 is called the Constitution Law, and when compared with the Ottoman legal system contains a radically new concept. According to this concept, whilst the power to legislate belongs to parliament, the executive powers can only be exercised by an executive council to be elected by majority vote from among the members of Parliament. According to this Law of Constitution, differences of opinion and disagreements between ministers are to be resolved in Parliament. In addition to this, the changing of ministers is also counted among the powers of Parliament. The name of the government during the course of the war of independence was the Government of the Grand National Assembly and the name of the regular army The Army of the Grand National Assembly. On the other hand, the government itself was vested with the power to dissolve Parliament or to renew the election of the Assembly. In this system, which did not have a Head of State, the members of Independence Tribunals were also elected from among the members of the Assembly. An important step was taken to establish a Council of Ministers with more freedom of movement when a motion that the form of the state should be Republic was enacted on October 29, 1923; the President of the Republic was to be elected from among the members of the Assembly for one term of office. According to law, the President would select the Prime Minister from among the members of the Parliament. In turn the Prime Minister would select the other Ministers from among the members of Parliament and, finally, the President would submit the whole of the Council of Ministers for the approval of Parliament. The Republican Era Constitutions

Human

Human AbstractThis paper will attempt to analyze cross-cultural and cultural psychology. It will examine the relationship between both, discuss the role of critical thinking in cross- cultural psychology, and discuss the methodology associated with cross-cultural research. Culture is a full range of behavior patterns (N.A. 2010, p. 1). Culture can be distinguished by a set of beliefs and attitudes from a given generation (Shiraev, Levy 2010, p. 2). It is a way of life passed down from generation to generation. Cross-cultural psychology deals with the culture and human behavior. In today's society cross-cultural psychologists investigate how culture affects individuals everywhere.Cross Cultural PsychologyCultural and Cross- Cultural Psychology"Culture is a set of attitudes, behaviors and symbols shared by a large group of people and usually communicated from one generation to the next (Shiraev Levy, 2010p2). Before reaching adulthood individuals learn how to understand their environment a ccording to his parents."English: Moulton Hall, formerly the Metcalf School...Culture is a full range of learned behavior patterns"(N.A., 2010, p .1). We notice individuals of African, Japanese, Italian descent; individuals are referring to the customs and ideals that their parents used. It has become a way of life passed down from generation to generation. " in most cases, those who share your culture do so because they acquired it as they were raised by parents and other family members who have it" (N.A., 2010, p. 1). "There are certain behaviors that are associated with culture such as norms, roles, customs, traditions, habits, practices, and fashions" (Shiraev Levy, 2010, p.3). Cultures can be explained as experiencing explicit and implicit (Shiraev, Levy 2010, p .4). Certain practices in some cultures that are more dominate than others, for example saying, goodbye, and hello in our culture. "Implicit culture implies the information and cultural rules are implied and already.. .

Workers Compensation Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Workers Compensation Law - Essay Example The rule of "assumption of risk" said that when workers were wounded working in "risky" occupations; it was their responsibility for accepting hazardous working circumstances in the first place. The third rule, of "contributory negligence," said that if a worker was even partly to blame for an accident or injury, the corporation also should not be held responsible. As one may picture, most companies were much better prepared than their injured employees when it came to participating in the waiting game of the courts. Since most workers lost, it was usually useless to even try. For this reason it became obvious that workers needed a few measure of protection from the burden of injuries on the job (Matkin, 1985). Workers' compensation is a type of insurance, with the best paid by employers. Each state has its own workers' compensation law and as a result its own set of rules. Additional laws are relevant to railroad workers, federal employees, along with others. Essentially, nonetheless, the laws have a general purpose and consequently have similarities. The main comparison is the "no fault" character of the law. ... In return for prearranged as well as certain benefits, employees renounce the right to sue their employers. In return for certain limits on the amount of the benefits, the employer must offer for all injured workers, even when the injuries could not unavoidably have been prevented. It can be seen that both workers as well as employers "gave up" certain rights when the laws were ratified. An employee might have gotten a much larger quantity of compensation for a severe in-jury under the old technique. Nonetheless, most employees gained, while merely a few lost. The employer, conversely, has to pay even if not at mistake. In response, the employer is not subjected to long, expensive defense and potentially pricey settlements. Indeed, one of the main reasons of workers' compensation laws is to evade extended legal battles and give injured workers a means to endure during their recovery period. The other most important comparison is that all states offer the same types of benefits. These include payment of medical expenses as well as "wage loss" of injured employees. Workers' Compensation Benefits Medical benefits in most states include doctor, drug, hospital, medical testing, in addition to therapy. Some states offer "rehabilitation," which may or may not comprise occupational rehabilitation. Occupational rehabilitation comprises services that help the worker in returning to profitable employment. Wage loss benefits are in general of two types: temporary as well as permanent. Both temporary as well as permanent wage loss benefits can be additionally subdivided into two groups: partial and total. Additionally, most states have a "death benefit," which is paid to workers' families when death fallout from on-the-job accidents (Tramposh, 1991).

Mastering the three world of information system Case Study

Mastering the three world of information system - Case Study Example When an organization has established its data execution plan, it should proceed to communicate the same to various departments. Network IT comes in handy because it enables the organization to organize its communication channels and messages in order to interact with all the stakeholders like the customers. It is practical for corporates to compile an inventory of all their data before they take any significant step that pertains to the inventory. Any communication or interaction about the data so collected must use certain network infrastructure that will enable the organization to convey information effectively and efficiently. After effective communication with all the clients and stakeholders, an organization can then undertake the fundamental business process in its Enterprise IT. For this reason, all the categories of IT are critical for any organization that plans to succeed in the modern world of technological

Manhunt by Simon Armitage

Manhunt by Simon Armitage Creative writing task: Manhunt by Simon Armitage I was on my third tour of duty in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The aim was to liberate the area from the Taliban but it was harder than we expected. It wasnt like this fighting proper soldier, they would pop up anywhere and shoots at us plus the local people didnt trust us so they wouldnt help us at all. The Taliban are strong because the tactics they use are cowardly. They are also strong because the local people are so weak. The thin air heals a frigid tone in the night and a heavy breeze brought a sudden rush of coldness to my face. It was Christmas day and also was quite foggy outside and tonight we were being hunted. We were trying to have a quite Christmas. The army cook was going to make some dishes for us but not any special dishes we normally have on Christmas day like the Christmas ham, pork roast, Cornish hens etc. I was missing the crackers, Christmas hat, music and also was missing my families a lot. We were just trying to enjoy ourselves. However, every moment we had to rely on out instincts and just hope and pray that the enemy wouldnt detect us. This is how we spend our days. After having a bit of meal we had to go for training. The whole day we did endless training, marching, shooting practices, running, fitness test etc.ÂÂ   I had to stay in a trench. The smell is unbearable, starting to make me feel ill. The trenches were the front line, the most dangerous places. The trenches were dug into the ground so that the infantry would have some protection from the enemy. Conditions in the trenches were horrendous. The day after Christmas we were out on patrol in the local village. Villagers behaving very oddly, even the more friendly ones wouldnt talk to us. As soon as they saw us they hurried into their houses. After spending the day in the village we went back to our trench. After few hours as I looked up, I could feel and hear the roaring flames. The fire blaze and burned, creeping closer and closer to our trench. There was a cold malevolent air to it. The wind howling past us in every which way. I myself was confused for minutes. One minute the bullets were raining holy hell down on us in a never ending bombardment and the next nothing. No movement, no bullets, no people, no wind. Its like they just vanished or they were never there, to begin with. A fog was rolling in, throwing us all into despair. We couldnt fight if we couldnt see. The fog was dense, so thick. And then suddenly, we were being mobbed, bullets pelting us, slaughtering us like sheep whilst we werent expecting it. Every time the bomb hits the ground, more fire is unleashed, spreading wildly. We should have known, but we didnt and we paid for it dearly. Five of us already injured and two of us were already dead before we know what had happened. They were moaning and groaning. I could hear the screams of the dying men.I could tell that his life was slowly fading away. The smell of blood hit me then, the adrenaline fading fast from my body and sudden pain in my chest. Suddenly the sounds of the guns going off and cannon fire stunning me briefly in its sudden intensity. My senses became hypersensitive. I could smell the blood, sweat and fear. I could feel the snow squelching beneath my feet, stopping me as I ran and all I could hear was the thump of my heartbeat, pounding deafeningly through my chest and head. An aftermath of the attack people was shouting, screaming. There was no doubt that it was one of the most devasting and most brutal fights. After few minutes the helicopter whirring and coming down and lifted out on a stretcher and took the dead bodies and the ones got injured and then flown away. Life in the trenches was the worst life anyone could live and I am sure most people regretted being a soldier. Morale was good; after all, this is what we had been through all that training for. Some of the soldiers couldnt wait to be allowed to fire off their weapon and shows the Taliban what we were made for. After the recovered I went home in real sense refers to a place of rest. The experience of war is something no soldier can escape.

Regional development in France Essay

Regional development in France Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conventional approach to regional development was assumed by central governments using the levers of infrastructure, subsidies to firms, and the setting of public sector operations. Regional development policies has been superseded by a fashionable approach characterized by decentralized intervention based on integrated regional development plans and strategies, delivered and designed by partnerships of local and regional actors. Regional policy has been in existence for over fifty places especially in Western Europe. Regional policy existed in countries that were affected by the Great Depression of 1930. It became famous part of social policy intervention and widening economic undertaken by all Western European countries from 1950 to 1970. The regional policy began to change in the mid 1970s due to slow economic development and new political policies. The European Union created its regional policy with more and more resources devoted to social and economic cohesion (Funck & Pizzati, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The present economic crisis led the French government to develop measures to accelerate implementation of the operational programs with respect to digital infrastructure, sustainable development, and energy efficiency for housing. Consecutively, some regional authorities included additional measured especially in environment and innovation. The rate of implementation of operational programs is somewhat low among all regions. The differences between regions to an extent depend on the cooperation level between regional and central government. The implementation rate is lowest in sustainable development and highest in the knowledge economy. Annual implementation reports maintain that the crisis between central and regional governments had a negative impact on implementation mainly because enterprises are slow in launching projects. Analysis of regional development is difficult due to lack of comparability of the indicators and homogeneity. In addition, it poses difficult to identify achievements in comparison to the objectives (Lopriore, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is in the policy part ‘knowledge economy’ that the key results and outputs originate: the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SRI; R&D equipment and infrastructure, and collaborative R&D projects in relation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pà ´les de compà ©titività © and poles of excellence and to regional filià ¨res.The SRI program implemented in 2009 has possibly played a affirmative function, jointly with the crisis in support of the execution of improvement support policies. There are fewer consequences for more customary policies such as support to knowledge transfer organizations and to communal actions of enterprises. United regions have focused their labors on intensifying their human resources and research potential that corresponds to a recognized need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second policy is accessibility and transport and is evaluated in terms of results and outputs with investment in urban transport and railways in addition to broadband infrastructure. Results and outputs in the ‘sustainable development and environment’ policy part are fairly incomplete because of prevalence of management capacity and small projects being less in comparison to creativity. The key achievements are in renewable energies and energy efficiency. In ‘territorial development’, predicaments in some urban parts are being tackled via calls for proposals, which have resulted to creation of the first concrete projects, in addition to sport, tourism, and cultural activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Territorial Cooperation review on operating programs reveals that there is a general equilibrium between results and outputs in the ‘knowledge economy’ and ‘sustainable development’ policy areas. SRIs have indisputably armored the obligation of officials and politicians at regional point to improvement support strategies, taking part to improve the innovation supremacy scheme, and had a patent effect in escalating wakefulness of the significance of an extra demand-oriented plan and putting more focus to non-technological innovation, service innovation as well as financial engineering. Successively, joint R&D projects have played part in nurturing customs and practice of partnership in both academic community and industry (Funck & Pizzati, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The traditions and practice of appraisal has made noteworthy development in France in the last few years at state as well as regional rank, moderately under the demands of innovative institutional, the Commission and policy system. However, the approaches remain comparatively customary, as shown in the state appraisal of pà ´les de compà ©titività ©. In comparison to the 2005 concluding assessments of SPDs and ERDF, the latest appraisals concentrate on scrutinizing the effects, pointing to key issues and essential re-orientations further than the plain evaluation of the execution of the programs and strategies assessed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most remarkable assessments are the national evaluation of the pà ´les de compà ©titività © (2008) and various regional assessments which focus to specific problems that are serious in France such as the allotment of capabilities and the synchronization between the national and regional systems. They primarily focus on the ‘knowledge economy’ policy part and they in broad highlight once more that it is obligatory to take enhanced account of the exact features of areas or sub-regions, to perk up the authority system, to focus more on the account of non-technological improvement and service innovation , and to incorporate SMEs more efficiently. Regional development also recommends a shift from procedures behind knowledge transfer organizations to dealings supporting joint R&D projects. This is established by the evaluation of the regional improvement systems set up in the SRIs (â€Å"Regional Policy†, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The five regions that exist in France include Ile de France which is the capital region, Western regions, Rhone-Alpes, Changing or the outermost regions and the Southern regions. Ile de France takes a unique position because it accommodates headquarters of huge companies and it is highly concentrated with government offices. Capital region is also highly populated with active and young people with a life-long education at an outstanding level. Its performance is high in regard to all indicators such as competent work-force, private and public R&D expenditure as well as higher education. Ile de France contributes an approximate of 28% of national value-added. Research findings reveal that over the last decade, the capital region is slowly being undertaken by Western and Southern regions in terms of growth of GDP per capita, national value-added and research potential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rhone-Alpes is the second largest region in regard to GDP and population. Its national value added has slightly increased from 9.4% in 1990 to 9.6% in year 2002. The unemployment rate in Rhone-Alpes region is lower than the national average rate. It has a multifaceted structure with service center such as Lyon, banking, industrial, manufacturing spots, and a world rank R&D monopoly in Grenoble. Southern regions have a higher than average ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP. The Southern regions draw immigrants from Northern and capital regions. It has a young population with a high unemployment rate which drastically fell until 2008. There are strong intra-regional differences because of concentration of research and services in the capital cities and the contrasting significance of mountain and rural areas. Southern regions gain from pensions of retiring generations and the unemployed who move to the â€Å"sun belt†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Western regions continue to experience high growth in terms of competent people and their cities are amongst the most gorgeous in France. The unemployment rate in Western regions is also below that of the country in general. In addition some regions do not have special features in terms of R&D, higher education and competent personnel. Low unemployment level in some regions may be caused by emigration of active generation while others have old industrial base; where despite increased labor, they still experience slow growth and high unemployment rate. French outermost regions undergo various challenges such as cost of access, remoteness, high dependence on the metropole, lack of critical mass and environment challenges. The business sector hugely depends on the government and tourism sector. The ration of minimum income support in French outermost regions is six times compared to the mainland France. There is extremely high unemployment ra te as compared to the national average. France outermost regions comprises of micro-enterprises and service-related SMEs, which are mostly family owned and neither innovation nor export oriented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Information from statistical data on GDP per capita and population reveals some of the key transforms that have occurred in various regional groups. The Western and Southern regions had the highest population growth from 1999 to 2007. The increase in population in these regions can be associated to migration from capital and other French regions. Region Population growth (%) Corsica +15 Languedoc-Roussillon +11.6 Midi- Pyrà ©nà ©es+10.1 Aquitaine +8.3 Pays de la Loire +8.1 Provence-Alpes-Cà ´te-d’Azur +8 Bretagne +7.4 Rhà ´ne-Alpes +7.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The capital region had population growth of 5.9%. The areas with lower population growth were either rural areas such as Bourgogne, Auvergne, Champagne-Ardenne, and Picardie or old industrial regions such as Lorraine, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, and Haute-Normandie. Region Population growth (%) Champagne-Ardenne -0.2 Nord-Pas-de-Calais +0.6 Lorraine +1.3 Bourgogne +1.5 Haute-Normandie +2.1 Picardie +2.3 Auvergne, +2.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The situation in the French outermost regions various immensely with growth of 12.4% in La Reunion and Quasi-stability in Guadeloupe, however there was high growth of 35.5% in Guyane due to high birth rate and immigration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Demographic changes in most French regions raise concerns about the future prospects of France. There is low population growth in most French regions because of low fertility. These regions have an ongoing trend of population ageing and this is expected to have profound implications across French both regionally or nationally. Low fertility rates will lead to low population of working generation to support the aged people, high percentage of aged people, and reduction in number of students in education. Elderly people will require additional healthcare, infrastructure and adapted housing. The structural demographic changes will have an impact on French capacity to balance their funds, provide enough health services and pensions, and raising tax revenue (Laurent et al, 2009).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Population ageing and decline are the most demanding trends for future prospects of a country. Immigration is also a very significant factor of population growth in some French regions especially Southern region which attracts immigrants from Capital and Northern regions. Great variations in demographic patterns between French regions rely on various socio-economic aspects. Regions in the rural and peripheral places and the mountain and customary industrial areas are prevalent to de-population. The demographic rend in French regions have significant policy and socio-economic implications because they influence growth and productivity, shortage of workers, urban-rural imbalances in populations, and provision of healthcare and social services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Demographic change is a major aspect that place concerns in levels of intervention and policy areas, which include employment plans, rural and urban planning, integration and immigration policies, social infrastructures and communication, family and gender equality policies and social protection systems. Research evidence on population trend in economic crisis reveals that recession resulted to decrease in fertility rates and birth rates (Funck & Pizzati, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industrial structure in French regions reveals major disparities in regard to the significance of diverse operations within non-financial business economies. Regions such as capital region are highly populated with active and young generation. The population in urban and capital regions has an outstanding level of education level. Industrial structure depends on the infrastructure, availability of resources, skilled workers as well as topographic and climatic regions. Urbanization rate in France is high since people migrate from rural to urban areas seeking for employment. The urban areas also attract people from other regions; for example, western region is among the beautiful cities in France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are high unemployment rates in most regions which might be caused by lack of skilled personnel, continuing trend of ageing population. There is great improvement in some regions which emphasize on ICT and related services since advanced technology is also a cause of unemployment. High population is another cause of unemployment. The global crisis during the great depression also caused unemployment. GDP per capita is high in capital and urban regions which attract tourism and with skilled workers. GDP is low in rural and customary industrial regions. In other regions low GDP is caused by high number of aged people who are unproductive. Capital regions have active, educated and young generation who are productive, thus they have high GDP per capita.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The growth of the GDP per capita since 1990 to 2008 gives significant views to complement the demographic data. The highest GDP growth is experienced in Western and Southern regions. Region Growth in GDP per capita (%) Bretagne 33.4 Pays de la Loire 30.1 Poitou-Charentes 26.3 Midi-pyrenees26.7 Aquitaine 26.6 PACA 25.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The GDP growth in Rhone-Alpes and Ile de France was 20.5% and 22.9% respectively. These two regions had a slightly lower GDP growth as compared to the national average of 22.9%. The GDP growth in Alsace was only 11.8%. Alsace is famous as the fourth most thriving French region. The other regions with low GDP per capita growth include Lorraine (17.3 % and Franche-Comte (15.2%), which are regions with customary industries. Other areas with low GDP per capita growth were mostly rural areas such as Centre (15.4%), and Picardie (13.2%). The French outermost regions had a significant contribution with a GDP per capita growth of 29.9% since 1990 up to 2008. The overseas area GDP per capita growth is lower as compared to the national average (22.8%). In addition, high unemployment still persists in these outermost regions such as Guadeloupe, La Reunion and Guyane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recent research findings brings out a paradox since the less productive regions had immense development in regard to population, employment, income and welfare, while poverty still exist in some of the most thriving regions. This implies that there is an increasing trend of discrepancy between logic of progress and logic of growth. In other instances, some regions such as southern regions depend on pension transfers which hinder them from global competition. The productive regions are the main providers of taxes and engines of French development. For example Paris metropolitan region which accounts for 30% of national GPD, but whose households only receive 22.5% of the national household income. A policy debate has led to concerns regarding strengthening of Ile de France region in terms with the concept of â€Å"Grand Paris†. This might be a classical occurrence in other European countries, but this French system is different becaus e of immigration to Southern regions, and to some extent the Western regions. The immigration has prevailed for more than 20 years and has greatly affected the distribution of wealth and income in France (Lopriore, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The regional development policy has not been affected by the macroeconomic context. The French government failed to abide by the policies of the stability and Growth pact regarding public debt and budget deficits until 2010. The overall government investment and expenditure has exceeded EU average, there is also low than average yearly GDP growth rate, in addition, because of high investment in regional and local authorities as well as decentralization. Regional development policies have died down from being chief policies over the last few years. At operational stage, regional development policy has basically resulted from amalgamation of operational programs and contrats de plan Etat-region programs with slightly larger plans. At policy-making stage, regional development policies focus on particular areas with an aim of mountain areas, coastal and rural areas and areas with hardships in cities. Cluster policy was developed at the end of 1990, resulting to general program â€Å"Pà ´les de compà ©titività ©Ã¢â‚¬ . Recently, Pà ´les de compà ©titività © is regarded as the most evident tool of a state policy of regional development. The other policy is Prime d’Amenagement du Territoire (PAT), which is a grant plan for business creating jobs. Pat was founded in 1996 and was evaluated in 2006.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The comparative lack of regional development policy has been substituted by investement in infrastructure such as high-speed railway system. The railway network favored the Western and Southern Mediterranean parts. The existing crisis has not affected the general structure of the regions. However, manufacturing regions has been greatly affected. The crisis has intensified social differences with outcomes for poverty in urban regions associated to high unemployment levels. The crisis has greatly raised concerns regarding the prospect of investment and expenditure in the regional and national levels. Research findings reveal that GDP declined by 0.2% in 2008 and significantly declined by 2.6% in 2009. The French government increased their investment and expenditure resulting to deficit and debts in public sector. French regions have struggled to sustain the level of investment, however local authorities are anticipated to face cut off in fin ancial transfers from the state. A reduction in social benefits will have short-term effects on the regions subjugated by public-residential economy as well as urban predicaments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In other instances, some regions have overcome the execution of their European Regional Development Fund operational programs in reaction to the crisis. The regional development policy based on the competitiveness and convergence regions can be evaluated through three policy document namely: the contrats se projet Etat-Region, Regional Schemes for Economic Development and the European Regional Development fund operational programs. The explanation of SRDE in every region is based on the review of 2003 Constitution and 2004 Parliament Act famous as â€Å"Decentralization Acte II† that gave French regions new competencies in the area of economic development. Documents from SRDE are basically policy proposals that do not involve financial obligations of the regional authorities. European Regional Development Fund favor for regional progress is fairly coherent with national policy because there is a solid relationship between the ERDF o perating programs and CPER. The coherence between the regional development policy and CPER/ERDF operating programs can be analyzed through appraisal of SRDE. Generally there are no principal differences between CPER/ERDF operating programs and SRDE.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schà ©mas Rà ©gionaux de Dà ©veloppement Economique (SRDE) outlines the significance of training, education and employment in regard to the anticipation of social and economic change as well as internalization. European Regional Development Fund is complementary to area expansion policy and does not include latest priorities. French regions have given priority axis to innovation and research, competitiveness, fight against greenhouse effect and sustainable development. Accessibility and transport are other priority axis emphasized by the regions. Terriotorial development is another aspect found in the regions priority axis either as a common policy theme occasionally connected to accessibility, cohesion and attractiveness or focusing on particular fields. Aquitaine is the only region that supports ICT. ICT is also supported by other large-scale projects in Languedoc-Roussillon. Lorraine and PACA fully support competitiveness and innovat ion while Rhode-Alpes support accessibility. Guyane and Martinique support social cohesion and health, La Reunion focus on human resource development while Auvergne is the only region which supports financial engineering (Ockwell, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is also vital to recognize other priority axis emphasized by other regions such as European and international dimension. This includes international environment and competitiveness found in Pays de la Laoire and La Reunion. In regard to financial obligation, competitiveness and the knowledge economy seem as the first policy area, while sustainable development and environment takes the second position. In some instances, some aspects of transport policy and territorial development can be linked to sustainable development. There are some discrepancies between convergence and convergence and employment and competitiveness regions. Convergence regions emphasize on the significance of human resource and education development via the ERDF, they also have priorities focused to the reparation for the structural handicaps and ultra-peripherality. In contrast, competitiveness and knowledge economy regions get minimal share of allocation (â€Å"R egional Policy†, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It must be highlighted that all regions incorporate support to poles in the proximity axes devoted to competitiveness and knowledge economy. Poles de competitivite are regarded as part of primary structure of regional development. French region incorporate territorial cooperation operational programs with faintly analogous priorities. The global economic crisis begun to have significant effect on the French economy in 2008. The crisis had distinct impacts depending on the French regions and their economic configuration. For example, Midi-Pyrenees was not greatly hit because it specialized in space industry and aeronautics, while customary industrial regions such as Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Lorraine suffered adversely. The French Government incorporated various measures to combat the crisis especially the implementation of European Regional Development Fund operational programs as component of its â€Å"plan de reliance†, in particular to speed up the execution of the operating programs, and focus on ‘Lisbon’ priorities, digital infrastructure, and energy efficiency for housing as well as sustainable development. Other regions incorporated additional strategies to combat recession; for instance, PACA included vocational training, social watch and economic strategies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is discrepancy between the original and newest allocation of ERDF financing in the five regions, corresponding to changes which were vital in the initial programming stage. There is reduction of initial allocations in Poitou-Charentes and Bourgogne. The reason behind reduction of allocation was the fact that the procedures were not adequately attractive, and, for sustainable non-road transport in Poitou-Charentes and the need of undertaking preliminary technical and feasibility studies. In Lorraine, Pays de la Loire and Franche-Comte, some priority axes have been cut short while others are improved with a depressing net impact.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The implementation rate in the convergence regions such as Guadeloupe, Guyane and Martinique is approximately 5-7% and 11.9% in La Reunion. The higher implementation in La Reunion is due to existence of shared strategic vision among its members in addition to solid partnerships. Generally the priority measures and axes dedicated to economy, competitiveness and innovation have a comparatively higher execution rate compared to other policy areas, except in La Reunion where the highest execution rates are in transport and accessibility and sustainable development. In the employment and competitiveness regions the execution rate is highest for the priority axes devoted to the innovation, knowledge and competitiveness of enterprises in regions such as Limousin, Centre, Alsace, Haute-Normandie, Auvergne, Aquitaine, Champagne-Ardenne, Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’Azur, Languedoc-Roussillon, Midi-Pyrenees, and Pays de la Loire. The situation of th e regions may differ greatly since in some regions, it is innovation and knowledge economy that have high implementation rate, while in others is financial engineering or competitiveness of enterprises. In most regions, implementation rate ranges from 8 to 14 percent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On standard, the priority axes devoted to environment, sustainable environment and energy have a lower implementation rate. Nine regions had an implementation rate between 2 to 5 percent and nine other regions in a 7-10 range while Bourgogne had the highest implementation rate of 15.4 percent. The priority axes devoted to transport and accessibility, including ICT, has the highest implementation rate in Bretagne. Bretagne has an implementation of 14.5% associated to the construction of the high-speed railway. Generally, the regions have a lower implementation rate as compared to the priority axes devoted to the innovation, competitiveness and economy. The regions devoted to particular aspects such as territorial development have lower implementation rate in general except Franche-Comte. Franche-Comte has an implementation rate of 24.8% which dedicated its efforts at balancing intra-regional development. The intra-regional development invol ves expansion of the mountainous region of the Jura. The discrepancies in the implementation rates between different priority axes can be explained using various factors. Implementation rate in energy and environment policy area is mainly affected by the existence of less established agencies and administrations. The region also experienced a tricky reorganization in the foundation of the Directions regionales de I’environnement, de I’ amenagement et du lodgement (DREAL), in addition to involvements with undersized projects (â€Å"Regional Policy†, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The innovation, knowledge economy and competitiveness policy area have a relatively high implementation rate because these regions experience a well-established administration, strong links with enterprises, good relations with the SRI, amd from the emphasis and momentum on innovation. In some instances, new measures have not impacted full impact such as the Grenelle de I’ Environnement in comparison with the mantra on knowledge economy and innovation caused by the Lisbon plan, and reinforced in France by the (SRI) Regional Innovation Strategies, which were implemented in all French regions in 2009. The implementation rate in transport and accessibility policy areas is influenced by the need to carry out a lot of feasibility and preliminary studies before construction work sets off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apart from the crisis issue, the implementation of operation programs had to deal with some organizational and institutional problems. For example, Franche-Comte implemented 2007-2013 operating programs together with final step of 2000 to 2006 SPD. The economic actors and administrative staff had to understand guidelines and objectives in order to cope with the implementation process. The implementation procedure lacked knowledge of officials and adequate time particularly while undertaking innovative projects in Alsace as well as highly technical issues such as high-speed railway network in Bretagne. Other projects were abandoned because they were too complex and would take long duration to be implemented. An example of such project is innovation company creation in Languedoc and Rhone-Alpes regions. In addition some parts of ERDF policies were problematic to some regions; for example income-generating projects in Article 55. The general implementation rate might be low, but commitment rate gives a clear elaboration. France lags behind in ERDF commitment in competitiveness region at the end of 2009. ERDF commitment rates EU27 France Employment and competitiveness objective 30.4% 27.6% Convergence objective 25.2% 26.1%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The convergence regions had a commitment which is relatively higher than EU27 convergence average and relatively lower than the competitiveness and employment regions. This implies that local and state regions have made efforts in managing structural funds, regardless of the customary problems encountered in the overseas areas, even if most of the EU27 regions are in the EU12 with inadequate knowledge of executing cohesion policy schemes. France has devoted efforts in innovation support for SMEs, risk and environment prevention as well as transport. On the other hand, EU devoted its efforts in ICT and related fields. There is a shift in strategy priorities towards innovation and the environment. There is relatively high commitment rate for innovation support for SMEs is somewhat noteworthy since it has posed difficult to implement projects of this type in French overseas regions. They have placed more emphasis on innovation. ERDF commitment rate EU27 (%) France (%) Enterprise environment 32.6 17.1 ICT and related services 32.3 32.9 Innovation support for SMES 20.7 32.9 Human resources 17.5 38.3 Transport 22.3 35.2 Energy and environment 16.1 37.9 Energy infrastructure 12.1 18.5 Risk prevention and environment 16.8 39.5 Territorial development 32.9 20.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The commitment rate in the competitiveness regions is lower than the EU27 average as regards territorial development and transport because urban and transport projects are indulge long schemes before work begins. ERDF commitment rate EU27 (%) France (%) Enterprise environment 33.8 30.5 ICT and related services 24.1 42.4 Innovation support for SMEs 29.2 18.4 Other investments in firms 54.7 42 RTDI and associated activities 32.2 36.3 Human resources 17.7 37.5 Transport 27.8 22.8 Energy and environment 20.2 22.2 Energy infrastructure 18.5 27.1 Risk prevention and environment 21.3 18.8 Territorial development 34.8 28.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Commitment rates are high in enterprise support where the rates are particularly high for other investment firms and ICT and related services. The crisis greatly affected commitment rate of innovation support for SMEs. High commitment rate in innovation, knowledge economy and competitiveness signifies existence of competent administration and reluctant emphasis on innovation. Lower commitment rate in energy and environment signify lack of technical skills in agencies and administrations in addition to investment in large number of undersized projects as well as complex procedure of reorganization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not easy to highlight the achievements from the programs because of the difference between initial and programmed objectives. Research reveals that only a few projects have been implemented due to time required for implementation process. Annual Implmentation reports of 2009 reveal that first achievements are beginning to be realized and this is an explanation why AIRs place more emphasis on the programmed projects rather than the achieved programs. In other instances, various indicators in AIRs make comparison efforts very difficult. Regional indicators might be emphasized by some regions, while neglecting EU and national indicators. In some regions, there are no reports or mentioning of the indicators. Comparison might also be difficult because of the likelihood of inappropriate naming of the indicators. In addition, the approaches and the sources used while reporting the indicators continue being imprecise in various regions (â₠¬Å"Regional Policy†, 2010)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major achievement across French regions prevails in 2009 Regional innovation strategies. Generally, the highest rates and achievements are very crucial in large majority of regions. Urban problems are solved by improving urban transport in cities such as Limousin, Nord-Pas-de Calais. The regions with geographic handicaps develop high speed railway to improve access. There is also improvement of energy and renewable energy in rural areas as well as Southern regions. The evaluation carried on sustainable development and innovation reveals that policies devoted to sustainable development did not consider social issues. Regional innovation strategies have contributed immensely amongst all French regions to the improvement of innovation authority system, expansion of culture of innovation in regional and state administrations, and homogenization of interest in innovation. SRIs emphasize on non-technological innovation and service innovation in addition to financial engineering (Laurent et al, 2009).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, regional development is very vital since it will ensure equitable distribution of resources among all regions. Regional development mainly focuses on sustainable development, energy efficiency for housing as well as digital infrastructure. The main regions in France include Ile de France, Southern regions, Western regions, outermost regions and Rhà ´ne-Alpes. The central region holds an exceptional place since it is concentrated with governmental offices and headquarters of large companies. The major differences in these regions reveal themselves in terms of unemployment rate, population and GDP per capita. French outermost regions face a lot of problems such as cost of access, remoteness, geographical handicap, high dependence on metropole, lack of critical mass and environmental challenges. High population in some regions is because of high birth rate and immigration. Regions with lower GDP are either rural areas or regio ns with customary industries. Research reveal that only a few projects have been implemented since some of the projects are very complex and will take long time to implement them. It is also to identify the achievement of the implemented projects because there is difference between initial and programmed objectives. Regional development was greatly affected by the Global crisis, organizational and institutional issues. Regional development efforts were also affected by lack of time and competent officials especially when handling highly technical issues. References France., & France. (2006). Spatial planning and sustainable development policy in France. Paris: MinisteÌ€re des affaires eÃŒ trangeÌ€res. Funck,  B., & Pizzati,  L. (2003). European Integration, Regional Policy and Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank. Laurent,  H., Mignolet,  M., & Meunier,  O. (2009). Regional policy: What is the most efficient instrument? Papers in Regional Science, 43, 260. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2008.00214.x Lopriore,  M. (2001). A critical view of the 2nd Social and Economic Cohesion Report and the future of regional policies after 2006. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2002). Impact of transport infrastructure investment on regional development. Paris, France: Author. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2007). Linking regions and central governments: Contracts for regional development. Paris, France: OECD. Regional Policy. (2010, November 10). Retrieved  October  24, 2014, from http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/pdf/eval2007/country_reports/france.pdf Source document

Internal Control for Outflows: Cash Disbursements and Investments Essay

Cash Disbursements  · Budgeting and Supervision The first step towards any business activity is planning and budgeting. The expenditure that is likely to be incurred for each activity or each department must be estimated and included in a budget for that activity/department. Not only the amount but also the type of expenditure that is applicable to the activity ought to be defined. Once the budget has been formulated and approved by the Board, it must be ensured that the disbursements are used only for those purposes that are defined in the budget. Any expenses outside the budget must require special approval.  · Proper Authorization The person or persons that are entitled to make authorizations for cash disbursements must be determined beforehand, clearly and unambiguously. It will be wise if one individual from the organization, generally the executive director, or the head of each department possesses this right. Other than these people, no other person should be allowed to sanction cash disbursements.  · Segregation of Duties Different persons must be responsible for different duties related to cash disbursements. For instance, there should be a different person authorizing the payments, another one signing the check and another person making the entry in the books of accounts. This will reduce chances of fraud.  · Two Signatories for Larger Checks If the check is for an amount larger than a stipulated one, it should require the signature of two persons, who operate at a higher level in the organization.  · Documentation and Accounting Bills or receipts supporting each cash disbursement must be present. The cash disbursement must be properly entered in the books of accounts by the book keeper or cash manager.  · Periodical Internal Audit An internal audit must be conducted periodically to ensure that all accounts relating to cash are accurate, in compliance with the policies and there are no other discrepancies. Investments  · Investment Policy The organization should have a proper investment policy containing details of the type and quantum of investments it would like to make during a specified period of time, generally a year. Further the policy should also provide particulars as to the financial instruments/products and financial institutions approved for investment purposes.  · Transfer of Money The money involved in the sale and/or purchase of investments must be monitored. Wire transfers should be regulated with an appropriate set of regulations and security measures. Banks should be make aware of these regulations and should be required to provide written notifications of wire transfers as well as other investment transactions.  · Segregation of Duties The persons responsible for approving investments, signing the checks, signing the receipts, supervising the process of investment and documenting the investment must all be different.  · Recording and Documentation The sanction provided, the process followed and other information in relation to the purchase and/or sale of investments should be accurately recorded and documented by the investment manager.  · Periodical Statements Reports and statements must be compiled from time to time, preferably annually containing details about the total investments of the organization, the various forms of investments, their market value, interest rates, maturity dates and other important particulars, if any.  · Periodical Internal Audit An internal audit must be conducted periodically to ensure that all accounts relating to investments are accurate, in compliance with the investment policy and there are no other discrepancies.

Using Hydropower Help Stop Global Warming - 1056 Words

Scientific Paper: Using hydropower to help stop Global Warming Thomas McBrien Prof. Hussain FCSC-101:W06 Global Warming is the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. These pollutants are produced by factories, cars, and even people and animals. Global Warming is a major concern because it affects all life forms and is changing the earth entirely. As the problem continues to grow, individuals must do their part to help prevent it. The biggest pollutants in our atmosphere are Carbon dioxide, Methane, and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil for energy. Electricity production is the biggest cause of carbon emissions in the United States. Transportation is the second biggest cause of emissions and factory production is the third biggest cause. Humans and animals also play a small role in carbon emissions because we exhale carbon dioxide. Transportation mainly consist s of personal automobiles which is why the search for a new way to power cars is so important. To help prevent carbon emissions many new cars use electric to help produce less carbon emissions and reduce the burning of fossil fuels. These cars are charged at home, but still require electricity made from power plants which are burning fossil fuels and producing carbon emissions.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesinitiative. Global warming, or climate change, is a very real problem that may soon wipe out the Earth’s resources. Some of which include necessary items such as natural foods and water. This problem doesn’t just happen in some third-world country no one has heard of. This is happening right in our own back yards. This problem has a very simple solution: conserve energy, cut down on Carbon Dioxide emissions, and focus on developing technology that utilizes clean renewable energies. Global warming primarilyRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Earth2122 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is global warming and what is the proof that it exists? The topic of whether global warming is real and what the consequences it may have has been heavily debated for quite some time now. The reason why it has been debated for such an extended amount of time is because there are still unknowns to confirm that global warming is a true threat to the earth. Many people do not believe in global warming because they truly do not know the basic concept of global warming. There are missing pieces toRead MoreSolutions to the Global Climate Change Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming has become a world wide issue and an issue that is causing great controversy. It is an increase in the earths atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting especially from pollution (Dictionary). Global warming is a natural proc ess, but because of increase in certain activities this process is taking a faster and more dangerous route creating global problems. Global warming was first theorized in 1894 by Jean BaptisteRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Big Issue Causing The World1264 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming is a big issue causing the world to heat up. One of the main causes of global warming is carbon emission. Carbon emission are at an all-time high and much of it is due to humans and the burning of fossil fuels. Higher carbon emissions add significantly to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Climate scientists all agree that the average temperature of earth is increasing and it is because of us. Every day we burn more and more coal, oil, and gasoline and those are only a fewRead MoreThe Laws Of Thermodynamics Will Be Explained1449 Words   |  6 Pagesand biofuel will be described. In order to combat our growing energy problems the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was signed into law to help cre ate tax incentives and loans for conservation and use of alternative fuels. Two provisions of the Act, promotion of US nuclear construction and the addition of ocean energy sources will be described and how these provisions can help the United States meet energy use goals. Thermodynamics is a large scale study of energy and how heat and temperature behavior togetherRead MoreNo More Consumption of Coal3125 Words   |  13 Pagesmake. For a sustainable society and to improve the quality of the environment and reform the economy, the global consumption of coal needs to be restricted. The balance between economy and environment is hard to maintain. Burning coal for energy has lots of advantages and disadvantages. There are two opposite opinions towards dealing with excess consumption of coal. According to objective global circumstance, it is impossible to ban coal directly. So a debate about whether to restrict coal makes moreRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Real Problem Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pageshumans have changed the earth’s atmosphere in dramatic ways over the past two centuries, resulting in global warming†. (What is the Greenhouse Effect?) Global warming is a real problem, and it has real consequences. The slow increase in the earth’s temperature is called global warming. It is my opinion that this is because of the way people all over the earth go about their daily living. Global warming and climate change can be eliminated by upgrading building infrastructures over a period of time. StoppingRead MoreCarbon Dioxide- Good and the Bad Sc ript Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristics of carbon, global or local issues related to carbon dioxide, what science is doing to address these issues and the benefits and limitations of these scientific methods. The name of my element is carbon. Its symbol is the letter â€Å"C† and its atomic number is 6. Its atomic mass is 12.0107. Carbon’s abundance on the earth’s crust is 200 parts per million by weight and 344 parts per million by moles. You can buy 100g of carbon for $2.40. Global warming is the main global issue with carbon.Read MoreGlobal Warming And Increasing Greenhouse Gases1509 Words   |  7 PagesWith all the talk of global warming and increasing greenhouse gases, many corporations and individuals are attempting to integrate cleaner power sources into their way of life. Power companies are erecting huge wind turbine farms in order to harvest more clean energy. Other companies are attempting to lower their dependence on oil and coal reserves. Many individuals are even getting the â€Å"Green† bug. Homeowners around the country are installing solar panels to gather solar power to supplementRead MoreWind Power versus Hydro Power Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pagesreview is wind power and hydropower. The purpose is discovering how wind power and hydropower influences the world and our lives.â€Å"Environmental science is the study of the interaction of the living and nonliving components of the environment with special emphasis on the impa ct of humans on these components. (Hartwick, What is Environmental Science?) This research topic involves the study of environmental science. The following characteristics of wind power and hydropower will be discussed: background